Clinical Features in Patients with Wilson Disease
Hepatic
- Asymptomatic hepatomegaly
- Isolated splenomegaly
- Persistently elevated serum aminotransferase activity (AST, ALT)
- Fatty liver
- Acute hepatitis
- Resembling autoimmune hepatitis
- Cirrhosis: compensated or decompensated
- Acute liver failure
Neurological
- Movement disorders (tremor, involuntary movements)
- Drooling, dysarthria
- Rigid dystonia
- Pseudobulbar palsy
- Dysautonomia
- Migraine headaches
- Insomnia
- Seizures
Psychiatric
- Depression
- Neurotic behaviours
- Personality changes
- Psychosis
Other Systems
- Ocular: Kayser-Fleischer rings, sunflower cataracts
- Cutaneous: lunulae ceruleae
- Renal abnormalities: aminoaciduria and nephrolithiasis
- Skeletal abnormalities: premature osteoporosis and arthritis
- Cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias
- Pancreatitis
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Menstrual irregularities; infertility, repeated miscarriages
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